Right-to-Charge Laws: Which 15 States Let You Install an EV Charger in a Condo or HOA (2026)
Can my HOA or condo board stop me from installing an EV charger?
In 15 states plus Washington, D.C., no, not unreasonably.
Right-to-charge statutes in California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and D.C. prevent HOAs and condo boards from unreasonably denying a resident's written request. Boards can require reasonable conditions: insurance, a licensed electrician, and proof the building's electrical service has capacity. That last one is where most homeowners overpay. A $49.99 NEC Article 220 load calculation is usually all the proof a board needs, not a panel upgrade that typically costs $2,000 to $4,500.
NEC References:
- NEC 220.83(A)
- NEC 220.82
- NEC 625.41
- NEC 625.42
Last updated: April 2026
I'm Jason Walls, a Master Electrician with IBEW Local 369. I've helped enough condo owners and renters respond to HOA denials to see the pattern: the board says "no" because the building's old panel "can't handle it," and the homeowner accepts a $5,000 shared-service upgrade quote that wasn't necessary.
If you live in one of the 15 states with a right-to-charge law, you have more leverage than you think. Here's the legal landscape as of April 2026, the NEC math that resolves most of these disputes, and the checklist most successful applications follow.
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The 15 Right-to-Charge States (Plus D.C.)
As of April 2026, these jurisdictions have passed right-to-charge legislation covering HOAs, condo associations, or co-op boards. Coverage specifics differ: some protect only unit owners, some also cover renters.
| State | Owners | Renters | Notable Statute |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | Yes | Yes | Civ. Code §4745; §1947.6 |
| Colorado | Yes | Limited | CRS §38-33.3-106.8 |
| Florida | Yes | No | Fla. Stat. §718.113(8) |
| Hawaii | Yes | No | HRS §196-7.5 |
| Illinois | Yes | Limited | 765 ILCS 160/1-45 |
| Maryland | Yes | No | Real Prop. §11-111.4 |
| Massachusetts | Yes | No | MGL c.183A §5A |
| New Jersey | Yes | No | N.J.S.A. 45:22A-48.2 |
| New York | Yes | No | RPL §339-kk |
| Oregon | Yes | Yes | ORS 94.762 (HOA); §100.627 (condo); §90.462 (renters) |
| Texas | Yes | No | Prop. Code §202.019 |
| Utah | Yes | No | UCA §57-8-8.2 (condo); §57-8a-802 (HOA) |
| Vermont | Yes | No | 27A V.S.A. §3-124 |
| Virginia | Yes | No | Va. Code §55.1-1962.1 (condo); §55.1-1823.1 (HOA) |
| Washington | Yes | Yes | RCW 64.90.510 |
| Washington, D.C. | Yes | No | D.C. Code §42-1903.07a |
"Limited" means partial or narrower protection than full owner rights. Verify the current text of each statute. Laws are amended frequently.
Always verify the current text of your state's statute. These laws have been amended multiple times and some states are debating 2026 expansions. The citations above are a starting point, not legal advice.
What Your Board Can and Cannot Require
Right-to-charge laws follow a similar pattern. The board cannot flat-out deny a qualifying request, but it can impose "reasonable" conditions. Typical reasonable conditions:
- Installation by a licensed electrician (in most states, required by state code anyway)
- Compliance with NEC 625 for the charger branch circuit and NEC Article 220 for the load calculation
- Proof of appropriate liability insurance naming the association
- Permit application filed with the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ)
- Resident pays for installation, ongoing electricity, and removal at sale if required
- Aesthetic standards (conduit routing, paint color on exterior runs)
What boards cannot do under most statutes:
- Deny based on vague concerns ("the building is old")
- Require a shared-service panel upgrade when an NEC Article 220 calculation proves capacity exists
- Charge unreasonable application or review fees
- Force the resident to use a specific (and expensive) installer
- Drag out the process indefinitely (many statutes impose a 60-day response window)
For boards and property managers reading this:
Right-to-charge laws aren't anti-HOA. They're a framework for saying yes safely. A written NEC Article 220 load calculation, a certificate of liability insurance, and a licensed electrician address most of the real liability concerns boards raise. Approving a qualifying application with reasonable conditions is usually less legally risky than denying one that meets the statute.
The NEC Article 220 Step Most Boards Skip
When a board denies based on "electrical capacity," in my experience it's usually without running an applicable NEC Article 220 calculation. A proper Article 220 load calculation selects a method from the building and service facts. An existing dwelling unit adding a load may use 220.83; a new dwelling or planned full service change may use 220.82; other multifamily service calculations can require a different permitted Article 220 path or demand records. The result must be calculated for that building rather than assumed from one section number.
There's also NEC 625.42(B), which was strengthened in the 2023 and 2026 code cycles. It permits EV Energy Management Systems (EVEMS) to limit total EV charging load so the feeder is never overloaded, meaning multiple residents can often share an existing feeder without a full service upgrade. (Listed equipment and, in larger buildings, an engineered load study are usually required.) This is covered in more detail in my guide on smart panels and load management.
Remember the continuous-load rule: NEC 625.42 treats EV charging equipment as a continuous load, and NEC 625.41 requires the branch circuit and overcurrent device to be sized accordingly: a 40-amp EVSE requires a minimum 50-amp branch circuit and overcurrent device (40 × 1.25). A correct Article 220 run already accounts for EVSE as continuous.
What to Put in Your Board Application
Applications I've seen succeed generally include these six items. This is a general checklist based on my experience as a Master Electrician, not a template for your specific statute, facts, or legal situation.
- Reference your state's right-to-charge statute early in the letter.
- Describe the specific parking space (assigned, deeded, or licensed).
- Attach a written NEC Article 220 load calculation showing the building's service has capacity for your charger, or an EVEMS plan under NEC 625.42(B) if it doesn't.
- Name a licensed electrician and attach their license number.
- Provide a certificate of liability insurance naming the association as additional insured.
- Include a one-page installation drawing showing the conduit path and any surface-mounted hardware.
A ChargeRight $49.99 NEC Article 220 assessment provides item #3 as a signed PDF you can attach directly to your application. Many boards accept the written calculation as the capacity proof they asked for.
Not in a Right-to-Charge State? You Still Have Options
If your state hasn't passed a right-to-charge law yet, you can still often get approval by framing the request around capacity proof and liability. Boards say "no" when they're worried about being blamed for a fire or an overloaded panel. Give them a licensed-electrician-stamped load calculation and a certificate of insurance, and most of the objections evaporate.
Renters in any state can read my companion guide on EV chargers in apartments and condos, which covers workarounds like Level 1 charging, shared chargers, and landlord cost-sharing agreements.
Jason Walls
Master Electrician · EVITP Certified · KY Electrical License EE642643
NEC Article 220 Specialist · ChargeRight Founder
"I built ChargeRight because I was tired of seeing homeowners pay $2,000 to $4,500 for panel upgrades that a $49.99 load calculation would have shown they didn't need. The math doesn't lie. Every homeowner deserves to see it before they write a check."
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a right-to-charge law?
A right-to-charge law is a state statute that prevents homeowners associations (HOAs), condo boards, co-op boards, and some landlords from unreasonably denying a resident's request to install an EV charger in a parking space they own or have exclusive use of. As of April 2026, 15 states and Washington, D.C. have passed some form of right-to-charge legislation, though the specifics vary by state.
Which states have right-to-charge laws in 2026?
The 15 states with active right-to-charge statutes are California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington, plus Washington, D.C. Coverage is strongest for owner-occupied condos and co-ops. Rental protections are narrower and exist in fewer states. California (Civil Code §1947.6) is the most tenant-friendly.
Can my HOA require a panel upgrade before approving an EV charger?
An HOA can require proof that the installation will not overload the building's electrical service, but most right-to-charge statutes prohibit a board from requiring a panel upgrade when an NEC Article 220 load calculation shows existing capacity is sufficient. Many boards accept a written calculation as the capacity proof they were asking for, and a $49.99 ChargeRight assessment is a fraction of the typical $2,000 to $4,500 cost of an unneeded panel upgrade. Specific board requirements vary by association.
Do right-to-charge laws apply to renters?
Rental protections are generally weaker than owner protections. California is the clearest. Civil Code §1947.6 requires most residential landlords to allow tenant-paid EV charger installations on an assigned parking space, subject to reasonable conditions and certain statutory exemptions. Washington and Oregon also extend meaningful protections to renters. Most other states only cover unit owners in condos and co-ops. Check your state's current statute, or ask your landlord whether they'll co-sign a simple installation agreement.
What NEC sections matter for condo and apartment EV charger installs?
The key provisions include the applicable NEC Article 220 load calculation for the building and NEC 625.41 and 625.42 for EV charger branch circuits, overcurrent protection, and energy management. The Article 220 method depends on whether the work adds load to an existing service, sizes a new service, or uses permitted demand records; it is not automatically 220.82. Specific engineering and board requirements vary by building.
About the Author
Jason Walls
Master Electrician, IBEW Local 369, EVITP Certified. Jason built ChargeRight after seeing too many homeowners, including condo and HOA residents, pay for panel upgrades they didn't need. This article is informational and is not legal advice; consult a licensed attorney in your state for statute-specific guidance.